13. Parachute
In the modern world wright brothers may take the credit of first airplane, however thousand years before their invention, a well-known Muslim engineer Abbas Ibn Firnas made the very first attempt of flying, by using wooden struts he constructed a machine and tried to jump from a mosque. Although he failed his first attempt but didn’t lose his hope, and later at the age of 70 he gave a second try to fly and this time he succeeded, he used eagles feathers and silk for his flying machine this time, though he had managed to fly but on landing his machine crashed which later he realized was due to the absence of tail in his flying machine for landing.
14. Astrolabes
Muslim astronomers contributed vastly in astronomy, Astrolabes is one of their inventions. Astrolabe is used to determine the time and to find the altitude of planets. Muslim scientist Fazari made very first brass astrolabe to find the direction of Qibla and to determine the hour of prayers, many of those ancient models were so precise and perfect that few of the museums still displays those models.
15. Gun powder
Although Chinese invented gun powder also known as “Chinese snow” but they used it for fireworks while Muslim chemists derived its formula and used it for military purposes. Muslims were the first one to invent weapons filled with gun powder i.e. fire arms, grenade, crude cannons, riffles, sulfur bombs, pistol for their defense in wars hundred years before they were even invented in Europe. Moreover, in 15th century Arabs invented first Rocket and torpedo by using gun powder.
16. Crankshaft
Crankshaft is used to convert the rotatory motion into linear motion, which is one of the most worthy invention of Muslim scientist, it was invented by a Muslim engineer Al-Jazari in 1206, he used circular wheel motion and several crank pins moving back and forth in straight line to make a crankshaft, this crankshaft was used in water raising machines to raise water for irrigation purposes, this method is also used many of the modern machineries.
17. Telescope
Taqi ad-Din Muhammad invented the magnifying device. In his book, the Light of the Pupil of Vision and the Light of the Truth of the Sights, He described about an instrument that could magnify objects located far away and this device could also help to see the details of distant objects, in another book he wrote how this instrument was used and made, later following his given instructions this device was made and named as telescope.
18. Pendulum
In order to measure time by oscillations the first pendulum was made by a Muslim scientist Ibn Yunus during 10th century, he was the first one to study the oscillatory motion, later this technique was used in clocks by Muslim physicists during 15th century.
19. Clocks
Although, Huygens is said to be the inventor of first clock, however various kinds of mechanical clocks were created by Muslim Engineers since the time of yore, a well-known watch maker Kutbi made the very first watch. In 15th century, Muslims also invented Mercury escapement clock which was copied by Europeans. Moreover water clocks, pendulum clocks, alarm clocks and astronomical clocks are also their inventions. Muslims used these clocks for observations and to determine their prayers timings.